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過流保護 我有新說法
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什么是過流保護？

目錄

內(nèi)容：

過流保護是電氣系統(tǒng)的一個重要方面，旨在防止設備損壞，防止電氣火災，保證設備、財產(chǎn)、人員的安全和運行的可靠性。施耐德電氣在該領域提供全面的解決方案，以滿足工業(yè)、企業(yè)和住宅應用的多樣化需求。
過流保護不僅可以作為基本保護，還可以作為接地故障保護和相間電壓過流保護的初步保護。定時、瞬時、定向、反定時最短和非定向是初級到高級饋線應用中常用的各種類型的過流特性。這些類型的繼電器涵蓋從基本設備到符合 IEC 61850 網(wǎng)絡安全和通信標準的復雜數(shù)字繼電器。

引起過流的原因

引起過流的原因有多種，包括短路、過載、接地故障等。

如何防止過電流

過電流保護的主要機制包括使用斷路器、熔斷器和保護繼電器。
以下是每個設備的工作原理：

  1. 斷路器
    1. 熱保護：斷路器使用斷路器內(nèi)的雙金屬片或其他熱傳感機制來檢測過流情況。當電流流過斷路器時，它會加熱雙金屬片。當電流超過特定閾值（過載情況）時，帶材彎曲并使斷路器跳閘，從而斷開電路。
    2. 磁保護：斷路器還具有內(nèi)置磁線圈或螺線管。當發(fā)生短路或電流突然激增（短路情況）時，高電流產(chǎn)生的磁場會導致螺線管快速啟動，幾乎瞬間使斷路器跳閘。
  2. 保險絲：一種簡單的一次性保護裝置，由具有特定額定電流的金屬線或元件組成。如果電流超過保險絲的額定值，過電流產(chǎn)生的熱量會熔化保險絲內(nèi)部的電線。這會打開電路并切斷電源。保險絲通常在熔斷后需要更換，并且不能像斷路器那樣復位。
  3. 保護繼電器：保護繼電器是關鍵工業(yè)應用中使用的更復雜的設備。設計用于監(jiān)測電氣系統(tǒng)中的電流、電壓和其他參數(shù)。當檢測到異常情況（例如過流）時，繼電器會發(fā)送信號以使斷路器或隔離開關跳閘。
  4. 保護繼電器具有高度靈活性和可編程性，使其能夠提供精確和選擇性的保護。它們還可以提供附加功能，例如時間延遲、協(xié)調(diào)以及與控制系統(tǒng)的通信。
  5. 保護繼電器可定制和可編程，可實現(xiàn)精確和選擇性的保護。它們還可以提供附加功能，例如時間延遲、協(xié)調(diào)以及與控制系統(tǒng)的通信。
    過流保護的動作順序如下：
    1. 電流流過電路。
    2. 如果電流在一段時間內(nèi)超過某個閾值（過載情況），斷路器的熱保護機制就會啟動并斷開電路。
    3. 當發(fā)生短路情況或突然的電流浪涌時，斷路器的自我保護機制會迅速啟動，導致斷路器跳閘并中斷電路。
    4. 對于基于熔斷器的保護，如果電流超過熔斷器的額定值，熔斷器元件就會熔化并斷開電路。
    5. 保護繼電器持續(xù)監(jiān)視電氣參數(shù)，當檢測到異常情況時，會發(fā)出閉鎖信號，通過斷路器或其他開關裝置中斷電路。

選擇合適的過流保護器件以及額定電流和延時等設置是確保充分保護而避免不必要的停機的重要因素。系統(tǒng)內(nèi)過流保護裝置的協(xié)調(diào)也很重要，確保最靠近故障點的裝置首先運行，并且下游裝置可以覆蓋其確定的保護區(qū)域。這種協(xié)調(diào)可以防止不必要的停機并最大限度地減少故障情況下的損壞。

參考資料

參考資料編輯區(qū)域


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